Valence electrons with quantum properties are also ... The findings are published in Physical Review B. The molecular crystal ...

Because boron has one less electron than is required to form the ... there is an excess of positively charged holes (which are vacancies due to the lack of valence electrons). Near the junction of the ...

Using synchrotron infrared light and near-infrared/visible lasers without applying a magnetic field, we observed the response of valence electrons in the (C₂H₅)(CH₃)₃As[Pd(C₃S₅ ...