FoxO protein partners may ‘read’ the FoxO code and cause export from the nucleus (e.g. 14-3-3), membrane targeting (e.g. Melted), protein degradation or target-gene specification.

FOXO post-translational modifications alter mostly FOXO subcellular localization, and also affect FOXO degradation, DNA-binding ability, transcriptional activity, or protein–protein interactions.

More information: Kah Yong Goh et al, FOXO-regulated DEAF1 controls muscle regeneration through autophagy, Autophagy (2024). DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2374693 Provided by Duke-NUS Medical School ...

However, the real clue to FOXO's function came from studying the effect of removing functional FOXO protein from flies that have a reduced ability to signal downstream of insulin.

Major loss of muscle protein (atrophy, or wasting) is commonly seen in old age ... Unphosphorylated FOXO migrates to the nucleus, where it induces the expression of atrogenes (i.e., ...

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common age-related diseases found in more than 30 million Americans. The study’s findings recommend that FOXO proteins help in controlling the healthy cells in ...

The protein kinase Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting FOXO forkhead transcription factors. FOXO factors have been linked to stress responses and the regulation of longevity.

The study showed that elevated FOXO protein levels in cachexia lead to reduced DEAF1 levels, which in turn stimulate autophagy. However, unlike in sarcopenia, where increased autophagy might aid ...