A unique quality of the immune system is that it can generate a ‘memory’ response. This is generally referred to as ‘immune ...

A UCLA study found that macrophages rely on interferon gamma signaling from past infections to preserve innate defenses.

Researchers have detailed the precise mechanism through which the inflammatory signaling molecule IL-12 contributes to Alzheimer's disease. Microglia, the brain's immune cells, usually serve as ...

The global development of civilization diseases is a challenge that requires many modern solutions, not only in terms of treatment, but first and foremost in terms of early diagnostics. One of the ...

New research from the University of St Andrews has discovered a crucial piece in the puzzle of how all animals with a spine—including all mammals, fish, reptiles and amphibians—evolved. In a paper ...