The recent unearthing of ancient African beads has shed new light on the extensive trading systems that existed some 4,000 years ago. These discoveries have expanded our knowledge of international ...
Critiqued by Risham Majeed in Art bulletin (New York) 103 (1) March 2021, pages 140-146; reviewed by Ingrid Greenfield in African arts (Los Angeles) 53 (3) autumn 2020, pages 91-93 (N1.A258). AFA copy ...
Atlas of Maritime Charts (The Catalan Atlas) [detail of Mansa Musa], Abraham Cresque (1375) Mallorca; parchment mounted on six wood panels, illuminated (Bibliothèque nationale de France) In fact, by ...
The Empire of Wagadu (Ghana, 300 CE - 1100) established control over the gold and salt trade by the use of iron arms. Kingdoms armed with iron and steel enabled control and taxation of Medieval camel ...
Africa is home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations—nations whose histories span thousands of years, built on foundations of resilience, innovation, and cultural depth. These civilizations have ...