CMV encephalitis was first described in renal [66] and bone marrow transplant recipients, and CMV infections in patients with AIDS can cause encephalitis, myelitis, retinitis and polyradiculitis.

Nevertheless, seizures, alterations in the state of consciousness, and focal neurological deficits also characterize HSV-2 encephalitis. HSV-2 and CMV encephalitis can coexist in patients with AIDS.