Assessing the ergodicity of graphene liquid cell electron microscope measurements, we report that loop states of circular DNA interconvert reversibly and that loop numbers follow the Boltzmann ...

Open in Viewer (A) Schematic of a photocell consisting of quantum dots sandwiched between p and n doped semiconductors. Open circuit voltage and solar photon energy ℏνh are related by the Carnot ...

Meteorites provide important information about the formation of the Solar System and the distribution of solids and volatiles throughout it. However, meteorites that land on Earth display biases ...

Mandatory and voluntary mask policies may have yet unknown social and behavioral consequences related to the effectiveness of the measure, stigmatization, and perceived fairness. Serial ...

Correction for Yang et al., How surface charges affect interdroplet freezing ...

PLANT BIOLOGY Correction for “Drought delays development of the sorghum root microbiome and enriches for monoderm bacteria,” by Ling Xu, Dan Naylor, Zhaobin Dong, Tuesday Simmons, Grady Pierroz, Kim K ...

Superhydrophobic surfaces display water contact angles greater than 150° in conjunction with low contact angle hysteresis. Microscopic pockets of air trapped beneath the water droplets placed on these ...

A Biometric Study of Human Basal MetabolismNote: The article usage is presented with a three- to four-day delay and will update daily once available. Due to ths delay, usage data will not appear ...

Dive into PNAS Front Matter for editorials, interviews, science news, and commentary that offer expert perspective on today’s most important research findings.

Journal Club posts are short news stories featuring a recent important, timely journal article selected by one of our Journal Club panelists, who are post-doctoral associates and graduate students in ...

Open in Viewer Evolution of atmospheric CO 2 (a), methane (b), and nitrous oxide (c), and sampling intervals (d) over the past 20,000 years. The gray bar denotes the range of the preindustrial, ...

Extracellular redox-active compounds, flavins and other quinones, have been hypothesized to play a major role in the delivery of electrons from cellular metabolic systems to extracellular insoluble ...