Quantum physics began in 1900 when the German physicist Max Planck determined the scale of quantum phenomena. In 1905, Albert ...

Unit 2: Structure of the Atom Discovery of Electron, Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Thomson's model and its limitations. Rutherford's model and its limitations ...

It is known as the Rutherford-Bohr model of atomic structure. The neutron was difficult to discover because it has no electrical charge but was needed to explain the different masses of different ...

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Save guides, add subjects and pick up where you left off with your BBC account. Protons and neutrons are the heaviest particles in an atom and as a result they make up most of its mass. The mass ...

The new clock is so reliable that it would be off by less than a second if it had started running 100 million years ago, ...

Scientists at EPFL and AstraZeneca have developed a method to map the atomic-level structure of amorphous drugs, demonstrated ...

The energy required can be calculated using quantum electrodynamics (QED)—the quantum theory of electromagnetism. However, insufficient knowledge of the structure of such heavy atomic nuclei ...

The atomic structure of the bacteriophage φTE ... In addition to its role in combating plant pathogens, it serves as a model virus commonly used in research to study how bacteriophages interact ...

Werner Heisenberg submitted a paper to Zeitschrift für Physik entitled ‘On quantum-theoretical reinterpretation of kinematic and mechanical relationships’, thus giving birth to quantum mechanics. In ...