but it wasn’t until 1937 that B.F. Skinner created the term “operant conditioning” and popularized it as a primary theory about behavior and motivation. Read on to learn more about operant ...

What makes humans conscious? Scientists disagree, strongly, as one group of peacemakers discovered the hard way.

Two leading theories of consciousness went head-to-head—and the results may change how neuroscientists study one of the oldest questions about existence ...

Computing pioneer Alan Turing suggested training machines with rewards and punishments. Two computer scientists put the idea into practice in the 1980s and set the stage for the likes of ChatGPT.

GNWT, championed by French cognitive neuroscientist Stanislas Dehaene, argues that consciousness emerges when information ...

People who have recovered from depression show reduced motivation to pursue rewards unless the incentives are large and ...

Struggling to care about your to-do list? You’re not lazy—you’re longing for meaning. Learn how to reignite motivation by ...

While all people are innately driven to find meaning in their lives, this subconscious desire pulls some people to conspiracy ...

Cognitive dissonance is one of the most influential principles in psychology. A new paper examines the evidence and shows how ...

Scientists have been arguing for decades about how physical brain processes create our conscious experiences. Now, a new study puts two leading theories to the test against each other.

New research shows that individuals who have recovered from depression are generally less willing to exert effort to pursue ...